Mashele Kiswahili

Language is fluid. In fact, the most recent edition of the Merriam-Webster dictionary boasts seventeen hundred new entries including "photobomb," "meme," "emoji," and "jegging." Looking back at the history of language, it's interesting to note that Noah Webster, the “Father of the American Dictionary,” came of age during the American Revolution. At that time, words had the power to define our national identity. Later, they had the power to reflect that new identity as it evolved. Webster believed that “Great Britain, whose children we are, and whose language we speak, should no longer be our standard...” and so he set out to create a new standard. The Old Standard:  Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary The pre-eminent English dictionary was  Samuel Johnson’s . It was published in 1755 and had taken nine years to complete. Its entries were unique in that Johnson used literary quotations to illustrate the meaning of a word. He often cited Wil...

  1.0    IKISIRI Katika jamii yoyote ile ulimwenguni dhana ya maendeleo haiji kama mvua, bali huanza hatua kwa hatua. Hali kadhalika hatua hizo hujibainisha katika historia kwa kupitia vipindi mbalimbali jamii tangu jamii ilipoanza kujikongoja katika masuala mbalimbali mpaka hivi sana na hata kubashiri mwelekeo wa jamii katika nyakati zijazo. Hivi ndivyo hata taaluma ya leksikografia ilivyoanza na hatimaye uchomozaji wa kamusi za awali katika bara la Ulaya mpaka kufikia maendele tuliyonayo katika karne hii. 2.0    UTANGULIZI Makala hii imekusudia kujadili uchomozaji wa kamusi za awali katika bara la Ulaya na maendeleo yaliyofikiwa katika karne hii. Awali ya yote tutaanza kufasili dhana muhimu zilizojitokeza katika mjadala huu kama vile: dhana ya uchomozaji na dhana ya kamusi, kisha tutaangalia historia ya kamusi katika bara la Ulaya halafu maendeleo yaliyofikiwa katika karne hii na mwisho tutahitimisha kwa muhtasari juu ya yale tuliyojadili....

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Idadi ya watu waliofariki dunia katika ajali iliyohusisha magari matano eneo la Mlima Igawilo jijini Mbeya imefikia 15.  Muuguzi Mkuu wa Hospitali  ya Rufaa Kanda ya Mbeya, Dk Petro Seme, alisema jana walipokea majeruhi 15 wa ajali hiyo lakini wawili walifariki wakati wakiendelea kupatiwa matibabu. Alisema majeruhi wanne walitibiwa na kuruhisiwa na wengine wanaendelea na matibabu. “Pia tulipokea maiti 13, lakini majeruhi wawili walifariki dunia hapa hospitali. Majeruhi wengine wawili waliopo hapa wapo ICU (chumba cha uangalizi maalum)  na mmoja hali yake si nzuri.” amesema Ajali hiyo ilitokea jana saa 11 jioni ikihusisha magari mawili yaliyokuwa yamebeba mafuta, mengine mawili yalikuwa yamebeba viazi na ndizi pamoja na daladala iliyokuwa imebeba abiria kutoka Igoma kwenda Mbeya mjini.

Adam Berry/Getty Images Benny Lewis speaks six languages fluently. "French and Spanish, English, German, and Brazilian Portuguese..." he ticks them off for me. "And  Esperanto ." That last one is a made-up language, or a "constructed international auxiliary language," meaning it was designed to help people from different nations without a common tongue communicate. Lewis is the author of the new book "  Fluent in 3 Months: How Anyone at Any Age Can Learn to Speak Any Language from Anywhere in the World ." The title pretty much says it all. He believes - strongly - that with the correct approach and enough practice, anyone can master a foreign language in  as little as three months . "There's almost an epidemic of people thinking they don't have a language gene," he says. "So many people end up learning a second language but never speaking it."  Courtesy of Benny Lewis Benny Lewis, author of the new book ...